Episode 197: The Web of Fear (6)

Synopsis:

Driver Evans is tending to Staff Sergeant Arnold's wounds in the fortress ops room when they see the wall bulge and break open, and the web begins to flood in...

Arnold insists they warn the others but Evans elects to flee and save himself.

The Doctor pauses in the tunnel and informs Anne that, until they know who they can trust, they should not let anyone else know about their controlled Yeti. They immobilise it for 90 seconds, to allow them to get clear, then order it to resume taking orders from the Intelligence.

A few minutes later they encounter Jamie and the Colonel who inform them that Victoria and Travers are being held at Piccadilly Circus. They hear that this information came from Arnold, and that he had somehow survived the web.

Elsewhere, the controlled Yeti comes back to life and moves off, joined by two others.

The tunnel party then encounter Arnold who tells them that the fortress has fallen. They are all then surrounded by the trio of Yeti and captured - as is Evans by another of the creatures nearby.

At a junction, the Colonel and the Doctor stage a diversion which allows Arnold to escape unnoticed.

In the ticket hall of Piccadilly Circus station, Travers and Victoria discover a large transparent pyramid, and the Professor deduces that it is the machine which the Intelligence intends to use on the Doctor. They see a shadowy figure which disappears when challenged to show itself, and assume - rightly - that this is the entity's human agent. They hear its voice, warning them not to interfere in its plans. Travers hates himself for having caused all these events due to his scientific curiosity, whilst Victoria tries to reassure him.

On one of the platforms downstairs, the Doctor lets Jamie into the secret of the controlled Yeti - still not trusting the Colonel. He has to explain that he doesn't know which of the creatures guarding them is theirs.

He gives Jamie the voice control microphone and then arranges his escape - hiding him in a large tool box. He is to summon their Yeti once everyone has left.

Arnold is in the tunnels and comes across Harold Chorley. He questions him as to how he could have survived on his own down here for so long, then asks him to accompany him.

A Yeti appears at the Piccadilly Circus platform with Evans. The Doctor warns everyone to do as they are instructed and not resist. He is taken away first and a second Yeti gives him a helmet which has electronic attachments. He uses his control device to immobilise them both and begins to tamper with the helmet.

After everyone else had been taken away, Jamie emerges from the toolbox and begins calling for the controlled Yeti. He has a near miss with one, but it is programmed to go elsewhere and ignores him.

Travers and Victoria see the Doctor brought into the darkened ticket hall, wearing the helmet, followed soon after by the others. He urges everyone not to interfere and assures them he will be fine.

Chorley then emerges from the shadows, flanked by a Yeti.

Everyone assumes that he has been the agent of the Intelligence, but he points to the real enemy who appears behind him - Arnold, who wears a similar helmet.

The Intelligence explains that Arnold is dead and it is merely using his body.

Jamie is then brought in by another Yeti and Arnold orders it to kill him if the Doctor fails to co-operate. The Doctor is ordered to sit inside the pyramid, and Arnold connects up the helmet. The machine will transfer the contents of his mind into the Intelligence, but the Doctor must submit willingly.

Jamie suddenly orders his Yeti to attack Arnold, whilst the others take the opportunity to pull the Doctor free - despite his protestations. Jamie pulls off the helmet and throws it at the pyramid which blows apart. All of the Yeti suddenly collapse.

The Doctor is furious - accusing them of ruining his plan. He had crossed the connections in the helmet, so that it would have drained the Intelligence instead of his mind. Now all they have done is eject it back out into space, free to attack again some day.

They are horrified to find that Arnold has been reduced to a charred corpse.

Chorley is quick to exploit their victory and insists on an interview with the Doctor, hoping to make him a household name. Travers wants to discuss many things with him as well.

The Doctor decides instead to hurry back to Covent Garden with Jamie and Victoria to retrieve the TARDIS. The Colonel and Evans also leave, to check on street level conditions, accompanied by Travers - leaving Anne to face the inquisitive journalist alone.

Nearby, the Doctor warns his companions that they will have to get out of the tunnels quickly, before the electricity supply is turned back on...

Next time: Fury From The Deep

Data:

Written by Mervyn Haisman & Henry Lincoln

Recorded: Saturday 17th February 1968 - Lime Grove Studio D

First broadcast: 5.25pm, Saturday 9th March 1968

Ratings: 8.3 million / AI 55

VFX: Ron Oates

Designer: David Myerscough-Jones

Director: Douglas Camfield

Critique:

There were quite a few differences between the original version of this episode and the broadcast version. A cage had been set up in the ticket hall. Travers attempted to sabotage the pyramid electronics using his penknife but was stopped by a Yeti, which knocked him aside then threw him into the cage with Victoria. He woke up when the others were brought into the room.

The biggest change related to the original idea that the museum housing the Yeti exhibit would have been London's Natural History Museum, for in this version Arnold survived - freed of its influence when the Intelligence was ejected. Travers would have recognised him as the commissionaire who had let him in on the evening the Yeti came back to life, and Arnold would have had no memories after going round locking the museum up for the night.

The controlled Yeti would also have survived, with a frustrated Jamie telling it to "go blow a fuse" - which it then did, literally.

Studio recording for this final episode was granted an extra 15 minutes, with recording beginning at 8.15pm. Patrick Troughton's son Michael was in attendance. He would go on to appear in the programme himself some five decades later, playing Professor Albert in Last Christmas.

The episode opened with a reprise of the model filming of the web bursting into the fortress.

Jack Woolgar provided the rasping voice of the unseen Intelligence, and adopted similar tones for the possessed Arnold. He taped various versions of the voice prior to production, testing out different vocalisations. You can hear these as an extra on the Special Edition DVD / Blu-ray of the story.

Some of the Intelligence's dialogue was pre-recorded. 

The script had stated that the helmets should look strange, but not silly.

A number of recording breaks had to be taken to reposition actors in the tunnel set, to make it look longer than it was and to have different characters meeting each other.

For the climax, another break allowed for the pyramid prop to be removed and for Woolgar to have his charred make-up supplied. A model shot of the pyramid exploding was then inserted, with a whiteout covering the joins. A smashed up pyramid prop was then placed on set. One shot saw the camera overexposed by widening the aperture, so that Arnold's face appeared to blacken.

Roger Jacombs, who had been an extra in earlier serials such as The Faceless Ones, joined the ranks of the Yeti this week. John Levene had taken on the role of unofficial union rep for the Yeti, ensuring that the performers were freed from their heavy costumes regularly. One performer did actually pass out under the hot studio lighting. Levene's Yeti was already destroyed, so he crawled out of shot to the stricken actor to help him out of the suit.

Immediately after broadcast of this episode, a short trailer was shown for the following story. This comprised some of the opening location sequences, showing the TARDIS descending to the sea, the opening of the pipeline inspection hatch, and the Doctor and his companions caught in the crosshairs of a rifle.

The videotapes for The Web of Fear were cleared for wiping in July 1969, by which time film copies had been sold for broadcast in Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore, Gibraltar, Zambia and Nigeria.

In 1978, the BBC's archivist Sue Malden came upon a pile of film cans returned from Hong Kong, which were about to be destroyed. On the top of the pile was the first episode of The Web of Fear.

35 years later, Philip Morris, who ran a film and television archive retrieval service, came upon film copies of all six episodes, as well as those for The Enemy of the World, at a broadcasting relay station in Nigeria. As mentioned when we looked at it the other week, by the time he went back to take possession of the films, the third episode had disappeared - denying us further the first ever meeting of the future Brigadier Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart with the Doctor.

Prior to the episodes' return, a few brief censored clips were returned to the BBC from Australia in May 2002, including scenes of the Yeti attacking troops at Covent Garden and in the Underground tunnels, as well as shots of web-shrouded corpses.

For their next submission, Haisman and Lincoln would move away from the Great Intelligence and its Yeti servants, though a third story featuring them was planned for later. What happened to that, we'll talk about another time when we consider the brief afterlife of the Yeti.

Of the new characters created for this story, Haisman later stated that the Colonel and Driver Evans were the writers' favourites. They continued to receive payments for Lethbridge-Stewart, but he claimed that there had been complaints from Welsh viewers about the latter's cowardice, which is why the character was never brought back.

In the end, this was the final appearance by the Yeti in the series, save for a cameo, whilst the Intelligence would be brought back in The Snowmen - the 2012 Christmas Special - then in The Bells of St John and The Name of the Doctor, stories which opened and closed the seventh series in its 50th Anniversary year.

The former is a prequel to the two Troughton stories, depicting the Intelligence first arriving on Earth in Victorian times. The Web of Fear is specifically referenced when the Doctor uses a London Underground lunchbox to conceal a Memory Worm from the Intelligence's host, and gives it the idea that the network might provide a strategic weakness that could be exploited if attacking the city. The Doctor also states that the box dates to 1967, so another nod to this story being set at time of production and not 1975.

When it was announced that these lost episodes had been recovered it was noticeable that, of the two stories, The Web of Fear was the one which caused the greatest excitement and eager anticipation. This was due to its reputation, such as word of mouth from fans who had seen it at the time, a very good novelisation, and a strong opening episode. The David Whitaker story, on the other hand, relied heavily on a lacklustre orphan instalment and a generally poor reputation. It was simply the one with no monsters in Season 5. Once the missing episodes were made available, interest did shift somewhat towards The Enemy of the World - nowhere near as bad as Episode Three suggested - but the reputation of this story remained strong.

It's still very much one of the best Troughton stories, with a lot going for it. Base-under-siege format, popular monsters, a very dark tone - both in terms of atmosphere and themes, with a high body count of popular guest characters - and excellent performances all round. And into this mix we get the introduction of one character who will prove to be hugely popular and significant, whose presence is still felt in the programme to this day.

The Web of Fear is the third of four stories which lead inexorably towards the Pertwee era, which is still fondly remembered by many as the beginning of a Golden Age for the series.

The War Machines showed how the Doctor could be placed in a contemporary, urban setting, allied with the military to defeat an "alien" menace. The Abominable Snowmen then laid the groundwork for this story, introducing the Great Intelligence, the Yeti and Professor Travers - elements which could be brought together in a similar setting to the Hartnell story. Both even have pitched battles between army and monster in Covent Garden, in the very heart of London.

The success of this combination would lead to the creation of UNIT and the return of Lethbridge-Stewart in The Invasion - a story in which it was hoped Travers might also return - which acted as a dry run for the Pertwee / UNIT years.

Trivia:

• The ratings end strongly, comfortably over 8 million and with the joint highest appreciation figure for the story.
• Once again Huw Wheldon, controller of television programming at the BBC, had praise for the series at the weekly review meeting, calling this instalment "a connoisseur's piece".
• On Friday 22nd March, Francis Hope wrote about this story and the next as part of an article on the horror elements of Doctor Who for The Listener. 
• The Radio Times letters page for April 4th featured a missive from D Milbour praising the story: "Every episode was excitingly made, each ending in a gripping crisis, and what superb acting! Long live the Yeti, to fight again".
• A poster for the 1967 classic In The Heat of the Night (starring Rod Steiger and Sidney Poitier) appears on the wall of a corridor at Piccadilly Circus. To avoid rules governing advertising on the BBC, it was retitled "Block-Buster". A poster for the Scottish National Party can also be seen, featuring a thistle-shaped design.
• DWM produced a choice of two covers to mark the return of the missing episodes in October 2013, this one covering The Web of Fear.

• And finally, another fantastic retro movie-style poster from Oliver Arkinstall-Jones:

P is for... Priests

Diminutive beings who were the corrupted survivors of a super-race which once thrived on the planet Uxarieus. They had developed a weapon capable of destroying whole star systems, but its radiation gradually wrecked the planet's environment and its people retreated into an underground city. 

The civilisation collapsed into superstition and barbarism. Some individuals formed a priest class as they turned their backs on technology and began to worship the weapon and its Guardian - one of their number who controlled it and fed on its energies. The Priests were mute and almost blind due to their subterranean existence, developing telepathic powers instead.

Part of their ritual involved sacrifices to the weapon, by casting their victim into its nuclear furnace. Jo, and later the Doctor and Master, were threatened with this fate.

The Doctor was able to convince the Guardian of the limitless potential for evil which the weapon posed, and it elected to sacrifice itself by self-destructing the device. He tried to help the Priests flee the city but, their telepathic link to the Guardian broken, they simply staggered aimlessly through the complex and were destroyed in the subsequent explosion.

Played by: Stanley Mason, Antonia Moss. Appearances: Colony In Space (1971)

• Mason would return in the very next story, playing Bok in The Daemons.

P is for... Priest Triangles

Crystalline diamond-shaped entities which acted as caretakers in the Temple of Atropos on the planet Time. They carried out routine maintenance and looked after the Mouri - beings who helped control the sentient force of Time itself. They were incapable of carrying out detailed repairs and so awaited the arrival of someone who could fix the damage to the Mouri caused by Swarm and Azure. They mistook Vinder and the Doctor's companion Yaz for maintenance specialists when they were carried to the temple.

Swarm destroyed one of the Triangles and Azure another when it recognised them as agents of Time. 

The Doctor was later approached by a third which enquired if she was the help it awaited.

Voiced by: Nigel Lambert. Appearances: Flux: Once Upon Time (2021)

• Lambert had previously played scientist Hardin in The Leisure Hive. He voiced all three of the Triangles.

P is for... Price, Captain

A UNIT officer in charge of the mobile HQ when the organisation raided the ATMOS factory outside London. This produced a highly efficient catalytic converter for motor vehicles, combined with an integrated GPS system.

Owner Luke Rattigan was a teenage tech genius who had invented a revolutionary new search engine and made his fortune. He was secretly in league with the Sontarans, however, who were going to exploit ATMOS as a weapon against the human race. Rattigan believed the aliens were going to relocate he and his high IQ followers to a new planet.

Captain Marion Price led on co-ordinating the global response to the threat, arranging for a nuclear strike against the Sontaran flagship.

As the aircraft Valiant cleared the toxic air around the ATMOS factory and the battle against the Sontarans turned in UNIT's favour, Price suffered a momentary loss of self-control and kissed her superior officer, Colonel Mace, revealling unstated romantic feelings for him.

Played by: Bridget Hodgson. Appearances: The Sontaran Stratagem / The Poison Sky (2007)

• Spin-off literature has Price later put in command of the Valiant, at the time when it is shot down by the Daleks in The Stolen Earth.
• Film roles for Hodgson, who previously acted under the name Biddy Hodson, include Wilde (2004) and Hellboy (1997). She appears to have left screen acting after Doctor Who.

P is for... Priam

King of of Troy at the time of its decade-long siege by the Greek forces commanded by Agamemnon. A world-weary figure, he was often disappointed and frustrated by his children. Whilst he admired the bravery of eldest son Hector, he despaired of the cowardly and effete Paris - the man who had led to this conflict after running away with Helen, wife of King Menelaus and sister-in-law to Agamemnon.

Daughter Cassandra usually squabbled with Paris, when she wasn't complaining about being disrespected and having her prophesies ignored.

Paris brought the TARDIS into the city, believing it to be a gift from their god Poseidon, and Cassandra naturally denounced it as an evil omen. Priam reluctantly agreed it should be burned - which prompted the Doctor's companion Vicki to emerge from it. Priam took to her, and had her change her name to the more Trojan sounding Cressida.

When it became clear that she knew Steven Taylor - suspected to be a Greek Spy - Priam had her thrown into jail. She had suggested to the Trojans that she also had the gift of prophesy (knowing as she did of future events) and had to prove herself or face being burned as a witch. Priam's youngest son, Troilus, had fallen in love with her in the interim.

The old king allowed himself to be swayed by Paris when a large wooden horse was apparently left behind by the departing Greek army, and had it brought into Troy - another gift from the gods.

The warrior Odysseus was among those hiding inside - along with the Doctor who had reluctantly proposed the plan - and he slew Priam and Paris, and took Cassandra captive.

Played by: Max Adrian. Appearances: The Myth Makers (1965)

• According to myth, Priam had 50 sons and many daughters. He was killed, aged 80, not by Odysseus but by Achilles' son Neoptolemus.
• Oddly, Priam as presented here does not bat an eyelid when favoured son and heir Hector is killed. In Homer's Iliad he is grief-stricken and goes to Achilles to beg for the return of Hector's body.
• Adrian (1903 - 1973) was a regular collaborator with writer Donald Cotton and had performed in a number of his radio productions. Cotton was therefore able to secure his talents for this story.
• It was often claimed that William Hartnell refused to work with Adrian as he was gay and Jewish, but the Doctor and Priam simply never share any scenes together.
• To many in Britain, Adrian is best known for playing patriarch Ludicrus Sextus in Up Pompeii, opposite Frankie Howerd.
• Horror fans will recall him from the vampire segment in Dr Terror's House of Horrors, opposite Donald Sutherland.
• He was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, and an original member of the National Theatre, appearing as Polonius in its very first production (Hamlet being played by Peter O'Toole). He played the Dauphin in Olivier's film of Henry V, and Alec Guinness and Olivier read the lessons at his memorial service.

The Movie Re-release

It has been announced this morning that the McGann movie has been remastered and will be released on 4K and Blu-ray formats.

There's only a December 2099 placeholder date so far. The extras don't appear to differ too greatly from the earlier Blu-ray apart from new featurettes on the three main guest artists, and a Matthew Sweet conversation with the director.

As I have never been a huge fan of this, I'll only be ordering if the Blu-ray version has been decently remastered as I don't own a 4K player and have no plans to get one anytime soon.

Many fans have been hoping for a "Wilderness Years" release as part of The Collection sets, which would have included this - but this appears to discount that possibility.

Update: this release is expected 25th May in the UK.

Inspirations: Face The Raven

Sarah Dollard was a Melbourne-based fan of Doctor Who who had written for Neighbours and other Australian series, before contributing to the BBC fantasy dramas Merlin and Being Human.

Her inspiration for this story began when a friend explained to her about Trap Streets. These were small non-existent thoroughfares added to maps by their makers to catch out cartographical copyists - as the only way the street could appear on any other map was if it had been plagiarised.

Dollard envisioned these streets as being real, but unknown to the general public. As such they could offer sanctuary to a group of people. It was Steven Moffat who suggested that these may be alien refugees. The idea that the Doctor and Clara might investigate a murder in one of these zones also came from the showrunner.

In order to get the Doctor and Clara into the mystery quickly, the script editor suggested reusing an established character, and graffiti artist Rigsy from Flatline was hit upon. In that story he had mentioned a mother living in London so it was decided that he had located there from Bristol, and he would be accused of a crime he did not commit - providing the motive for the TARDIS pair to get involved. The episode would therefore become a whodunnit.

Dollard then developed the idea that the isolating community had their own unique mode of dispensing justice - a creature which would be released from a cage to kill an individual who had been marked for execution.

This provided a countdown and a fixed timescale in which the Doctor had to come up with the real killer, so a race against time.

The entrance to the Trap Street was originally going to be through the door of a mural Rigsy had painted of the TARDIS. The Mayor was going to be a beetle-like alien, whose deputy was a Sontaran.

Once the episode was moved to tenth position in the series, leading into the finale, it was later decided to introduce the new character Ashildr / Me into Dollard's story as she played a role in the final episode. She then took on the role of Mayor.

Having already stayed on much longer than anticipated, this would be Jenna Coleman's last series. Moffat debated with himself having her leave in the finale or - for shock value - having her killed off earlier. (In the end, he would manage both).

It would be made clear that her death wasn't some form of self-sacrifice. Rather, she died due to her over-confidence and increasing lust for danger and excitement - a belief that she could match the Doctor's abilities. Me would not be held responsible and the Doctor would not be vengeful.

The raven features in many mythologies. 

Odin is also known as the Raven God. He had two pet birds which gathered intelligence for him and acted as spies.

In the indigenous cultures of the Pacific Northwest the bird is both a trickster and a bringer of light to the world.

Celtic mythology has them birds of ill omen, especially when it comes to battle.

The ancient Greeks held that they were servants of Apollo, and were originally white. Apollo singed them in a rage after they brought him bad news.

The design of the Trap Street was based on narrow lanes off Oxford Street in London, and The Shambles in York. Many have noted a similarity to Diagon Alley in the Harry Potter films though Dollard has said that this wasn't intentional.

Among the aliens we see in the street are a Cyberman, Ood and Sontaran.

Among returning guest artists are Robin Soans as "Chronolock Guy". He had played Consul Luvic in The Keeper of Traken. Me's deputy, Rump, is Simon Paisley Day who, as Simon Day, played the Steward on Platform One in The End of the World.

Next time: the Doctor gets caught up in the works and takes a very long time to extricate himself, in what many regard as one of the greatest Doctor Who episodes of all time...